Types of Radiation
Alpha
Alpha particles can be shielded by a sheet of paper or
by human skin. However, if radionuclides that emit alpha particles are
inhaled, ingested, or enter your body through a cut in your skin, they
can be very harmful. |
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| Beta
Beta particles cannot be stopped by a sheet of paper.
Some beta particles can be stopped by human skin, but some need a
thicker shield (like wood) to stop them. Just like alpha particles, beta
particles can also cause serious damage to your health if they enter
your body. For example, if ingested, some radionuclides that emit beta
particles might be absorbed into your bones and cause damage. |
Gamma
Gamma rays are the most penetrating of the three types
of radiation listed here. Gamma rays usually accompany beta, and some
alpha rays. Gamma rays will penetrate paper, skin, wood, and other
substances. To protect yourself from gamma rays, you need a shield at
least as thick as a concrete wall. This type of radiation causes severe
damage to your internal organs. (X-rays fall into this category, but
they are less penetrating than gamma rays.) |
